The European Central Bank (ECB) is moving forward with its digital euro initiative, aiming for a possible launch in 2029 as part of efforts to update the eurozone’s financial systems and decrease dependence on cash.
Despite these plans, the ECB is encountering opposition within Europe. Lawmakers in France recently passed a resolution against the digital euro, raising issues about privacy, personal economic freedom, and the dangers of centralized oversight. The National Assembly approved a measure urging the government to reject the ECB’s proposed rules and instead support euro-based stablecoins and a national
The ECB’s digital euro project, which started in November 2023, is estimated to require €1.3 billion ($1.5 billion) in funding through 2029, with yearly operating costs projected at €320 million ($369 million), according to the Decrypt article. Should the European Parliament approve the necessary laws by 2026, a pilot could begin in mid-2027, with a full launch in 2029. Meanwhile, France’s crypto-friendly stance includes calls for a Bitcoin reserve, fostering local crypto development, and backing stablecoins as alternatives to the ECB’s CBDC.
The discussion around CBDCs is unfolding alongside the rapid growth of stablecoins, which are increasingly challenging central bank initiatives. JPMorgan analysts observed in a recent
On a global scale, CBDC projects are advancing in various regions. Hong Kong’s e-HKD initiative finished its second pilot in 2025 and is targeting a 2026 launch. This effort, part of the broader "Digital HKD Plus" program, seeks to set standards for programmable digital currencies. In contrast, the United States has prohibited CBDCs domestically via executive order, but has supported stablecoins through legislation such as the GENIUS Act, the Decrypt article reported.
The ECB’s digital euro and the expanding role of stablecoins mark a significant turning point in global finance, as innovation is weighed against concerns about privacy, national control, and systemic stability.