Retail investors lost about $17 billion by attempting to invest in bitcoin indirectly through asset management firms.

According to Jinse Finance, citing Bloomberg, retail investors have lost about 1.7 billions USD by indirectly investing in bitcoin through fund management companies such as Metaplanet and Michael Saylor's Strategy. 10X Research stated that these losses stem from excessively high equity premiums, causing share prices to be much higher than the actual bitcoin holdings.