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⑴ On Wednesday, Middle Eastern benchmark crude oil spot premiums declined, with Oman, Murban, and Dubai all falling amid quiet trading. This was mainly dragged down by crude oil futures giving back earlier gains. Market uncertainty over the Middle East situation and reports that Trump hinted the US-Israel conflict with Iran could be nearing its end caused volatile investor sentiment.⑵ After large-scale supply disruptions, Middle Eastern oil has become the most expensive crude oil globally. The flagship Arab Light Oil’s OSP could carry a premium of $22.50 to $40.50 over the average prices of Dubai and Oman.⑶ Saudi oil price forecasts have a wide range, reflecting the significant uncertainty faced by Asian buyers as shipping through the Strait of Hormuz remains restricted. It is still unclear when a ceasefire will be reached and when leading oil producers such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Iraq will be able to resume exports through the strait.⑷ In terms of spot trading, the cash Dubai premium over swaps fell by $1.23 to $19.80 per barrel. Multiple deals were reached between Shell and Vitol, with prices concentrated at $108.90 per barrel, indicating the market is seeking a new price equilibrium after intense volatility.

ChainCatcher news, according to Cointelegraph, U.S. prosecutors have filed lawsuits against ten foreign nationals associated with four cryptocurrency market makers. Three executives have been extradited from Singapore to the United States and appeared in federal court in Oakland, California this Monday. The three defendants who appeared in court are Vortex CEO Gleb Gora, Contrarian CEO Manu Singh, and Contrarian employee Vasu Sharma. The three were extradited to the United States after being arrested in Singapore in October 2025. The companies involved include Gotbit, Vortex, Antier, and Contrarian, with related activities tracing back to 2018. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) accuses these companies of generating false trading volumes through wash trading, matched orders, and prearranged trades, artificially inflating token prices and creating an illusion of liquidity in order to attract retail investors ahead of insider sales.

According to Foresight News, Ethereum Foundation researcher Jihoon Song introduced the progress of FOCIL (Fork-Choice Enforced Inclusion Lists, i.e. EIP-7805) at the EthCC[9] conference. He pointed out that currently, over 80% of Ethereum blocks are produced by a handful of builders, resulting in high centralization and significant censorship risk. FOCIL aims to shift the power of transaction inclusion from single builders to a decentralized committee of validators.FOCIL's core process consists of three steps: in each slot, 16 validators are randomly selected to form a committee. Committee members publish local inclusion lists based on their individual observations of the mempool, and after aggregation by the proposer, validators will refuse to vote for blocks that do not include transactions from valid lists. This means that censorship resistance is no longer dependent on moral agreements but is instead directly encoded in the fork-choice rule. Compared to previous proposals, the committee mechanism significantly reduces the risk of bribery and extortion attacks, and offers native support for account abstraction (AA) and privacy protocols. Jihoon revealed that FOCIL has already been designated as a core feature for Ethereum's upcoming major upgrades. Most clients have completed prototype implementation, and the community is optimizing proof size and Gas efficiency to support future "GigaGas" level scalability.